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Sunday 28 February 2021

Second World War

World War II was fought between the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) and the Allied Powers (Britain, United States, Soviet Union, France). 

Most of the countries in the world were involved in some way. It was the deadliest war in all of human history with around 70 million people killed. 

World War II started in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. Great Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany. The war in Europe ended with Germany's surrender on May 7, 1945. The war in the Pacific ended when Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945. 

World War II started in Europe, but spread throughout the world. Much of the fighting took place in Europe and in Southeast Asia (Pacific).









Now, watch this video:



Wednesday 24 February 2021

Healthy Habits

 



Types of illness

When a person is ill, they have symptoms. Symptons are some of the effects of the illness that can be detected.

There are mainly two different kinds of illness: infectious illness and non infectious illness.

a) Infectious illness

These are principally caused by micro-organisms or germs that invade the body and cause it harm. Infectious agents are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Viruses can cause flu, rubella, AIDS, coronavirus and hepatitis. 





b) Non-infectious illness

This are caused by a malfunction in an organ, such as diabetes, which begins with a problema in the pancreas gland in the digestive system. 

Friday 19 February 2021

Watch NASA’s Perseverance Rover Land on Mars!

Watch an epic journey unfold on Thursday, Feb. 18 as our Perseverance rover lands on Mars. To reach the surface of the Red Planet, the rover has to survive the harrowing final phase known as Entry, Descent, and Landing.

Only then can the rover – the biggest, heaviest, cleanest, and most sophisticated six-wheeled robot ever launched into space – search Jezero Crater for signs of ancient life and collect samples that will eventually be returned to Earth.

Tune in to a live video feed of key landing activities and commentary from Mission Control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.



Wednesday 17 February 2021

The Great Depression

The Great Depression was a time of great economic crisis during the 1930s. It began in the United States in 1929, but quickly spread throughout much of the world. It was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. 

Downturn = "recesión"

During this time, many people were out of work, hungry, and homeless. In the city, people would stand in long lines at soup kitchens to get a bite to eat. In the country, farmers struggled in the Midwest where a great drought turned the soil into dust causing huge dust storms. (tormentas de polvo). 



How did it start? 

The Great Depression began with the crash of the stock market in October of 1929. Historians and economists give various causes for the Great Depression including drought, overproduction of goods, bank failures, stock speculation, and consumer debt. 

Extras: (if you want to know more...):






ALL SUMMER IN A DAY

All Summer in a Day

By Ray Bradbury (adapted by S.H.)

(My dear students: here is the story that we have been reading in our classes. I hope you enjoy it. Maybe it's a bit different than other stories that we have read, but it's always good to read different genres and styles. At the end you can find a short film. Do you like it?).

"Ready ?"

"Ready."

"Now ?"

"Yes."

"Do the scientists really know? Will it happen today?"

"Look; see it for yourself!"

The children pressed to each other trying to look out the window at the hidden sun.

It was raining. It had been raining for seven years; thousands upon thousands of days raining during all the day from dawn tu dusk, with the drum of water, with the fall of showers and also with the heavy storms that created huge waves that came over the islands. 

A thousand forests had been crushed under the rain and grown up a thousand times to be crushed again. And this was the way life was forever on the planet Venus, and this was the schoolroom of the children of the rocket men and women who had come to a raining world to set up a civilization and live out their lives on Venus.


"It’s stopping, it’s stopping !"

"Yes!"

Margot stood apart from these children who could not remember a time when there wasn’t rain. They were all nine years old. Seven years ago, there had been a day when the sun came out for an hour and showed its face to the world, but they could not recall. 

Sometimes, at night, she heard them speak aloud, while sleeping, and she knew they were dreaming and remembering gold or a yellow crayon or a coin large enough to buy the world with. She knew they thought they remembered the warmness of the sun, like a blushing in the face, in the body, in the arms and legs and on the hands. But then they always awoke to the sound of water, the endless shaking down of water upon the roof, the walk, the gardens, the forests, and their dreams were gone.

All day yesterday they had read in class about the sun. About how like a lemon it was, and how hot. And they had written small stories or poems about it:

I think the sun is a flower,That blooms for just one hour. 

That was Margot’s poem, read in a quiet voice in the still classroom while the rain was falling outside.

"Aw, you didn’t write that!" protested one of the boys.

"I did," said Margot. "I did."

"William!" said the teacher.

But that was yesterday. Now the rain was decreasing, and the children were crushed in the great thick windows.

Where’s teacher ?"

"She’ll be back soon."

"She’d better hurry, we’ll miss it!"

They were very excited. Margot stood alone. She was a very fragile girl who looked as if she had been lost in the rain for years and the rain had washed out the blue from her eyes and the red from her mouth and the yellow from her hair. She was an old photograph dusted from an album, whitened away, and if she spoke at all her voice would be like a ghost. Now she stood, separate, staring at the rain and the loud wet world beyond the huge glass.

"What’re you looking at?" said William.

Margot said nothing.

"Speak when you’re spoken to."

He gave her a shove. But she did not move. They moved away from her. And this was because she would play no games with them in the echoing tunnels of the underground city where they all lived. 

If they tagged her and ran, she stood blinking at them and did not follow the game. When the class sang songs about happiness her lips barely moved. Only when they sang about the sun, her lips moved as she watched the wet windows. And then, of course, the biggest crime of all was that she had come here only five years ago from Earth, and she could remember the sun and the way the sun was.

She could also remember the blue sky when she was four years old in Ohio. But all the other children, they had been on Venus all their lives, and they had been only two years old when last the sun came out and of course, with that age, they could not remember a thing.

But Margot remembered perfectly well how the sun was.

"It’s like a big yellow circle," she said once.

"No it’s not!" the children cried.

"It’s like a fire," she said, "in the stove."

"You’re lying, you don’t remember !" cried the children.

But she remembered and stood quietly apart from all of them and watched the windows. And once, a month ago, she had refused to shower in the school shower rooms, had holded her hands to her ears and over her head, screaming the water mustn’t touch her head. So after that, she was seen as different and they kept away from her. 

There was talk that her father and mother were taking her back to Earth next year; because it seemed vital to her to go back home to Earth, even though it would mean the loss of thousands of dollars to her family. And so, the children hated her for all these reasons of big and little consequence. They hated her pale snow face, her waiting silence, her thinness, and her possible future.

"Get away!" The boy gave her another push. "What’re you waiting for?"

Then, for the first time, she turned and looked at him. 

"Well, don’t wait around here!" cried the boy violently. "You won’t see anything!"

"Nothing’s happening today. Is it ?"

They all blinked at him and then, understanding, laughed and shook their heads.

"Nothing, nothing!"

"Oh, no!" Margot whispered, her eyes helpless. "This is the day, the scientists predicted, they say that the rain will stop and the sun will come out today for an hour…"

"That’s all a joke!" said William, and grabbed her roughly. "Hey, everyone, let’s put her in a closet before the teacher comes !"

"No!" said Margot, falling back.

They jumped around her, caught her up and pushed her into the closet. She complained, and then begged, and cried, but the kids slammed and locked the door. They stood looking at the door and saw it tremble from her beating and throwing herself against it. They heard her cries. Then, smiling, they turned and went out to the tunnel, just as the teacher arrived.

"Ready, children ?" She glanced at her watch.

"Yes!" said everyone.

"Are we all here?"

"Yes!"

The rain was stopping. They crowded around the huge door. Then the rain stopped.

The silence was so immense and unbelievable that you felt you had lost your hearing. The children put their hands to their ears. They stood apart.

The door opened and the smell of the silent, waiting world came in to them.

The sun came out.

It was the color of flaming bronze and it was very large. And the sky around it was a blazing blue color. And the jungle burned with sunlight as the children, released from their spell, rushed out, yelling into the springtime.

"Now, don’t go too far," called the teacher after them. "You’ve only two hours, you know. You wouldn’t want to get caught out!"

But they were running and turning their faces up to the sky and feeling the sun on their cheeks like a warm iron; they were taking off their jackets and letting the sun burn their arms.

"Oh, it’s better than the sun lamps, isn’t it?"

"Much, much better!"

They stopped running and stood in the great jungle that covered Venus, that grew and never stopped growing, tumultuously, even as you watched it. It was a nest of octopi, clustering up great arms of fleshlike weed, wavering, flowering in this brief spring. It was the color of rubber and ash, this jungle, from the many years without sun.

It was the color of stones and white cheeses and ink, and it was the color of the moon. The children lay out, laughing, on the jungle mattress, and heard it sigh and squeak under them resilient and alive. They ran among the trees, they slipped and fell, they pushed each other, they played hide-and- seek and tag, but most of all they squinted at the sun until the tears ran down their faces; they put their hands up to that yellowness and that amazing blueness and they breathed of the fresh air and listened to the silence which suspended them in a blessed sea of no sound and no motion. They looked at everything and savored everything. Then, wildly, like animals escaped from their caves, they ran and ran in shouting circles.

They ran for an hour and did not stop running.

And then - In the midst of their running one of the girls wailed.

Everyone stopped. The girl, standing in the open, held out her hand.

"Oh, look, look," she said, trembling. They came slowly to look at her opened palm. In the center of it, cupped and huge, was a single raindrop. She began to cry, looking at it. They glanced quietly at the sun.

"Oh. Oh."

A few cold drops fell on their noses and their cheeks and their mouths. The sun faded behind a stir of mist. A wind blew cold around them. They turned and started to walk back toward the underground house, their hands at their sides, their smiles vanishing away.

A boom of thunder surprised them and like leaves before a new hurricane, they tumbled upon each other and ran. Lightning struck ten miles away, five miles away, a mile, a half mile. The sky darkened into midnight in a flash.

They stood in the doorway of the underground for a moment until it was raining hard. Then they closed the door and heard the gigantic sound of the rain falling in tons and avalanches, everywhere and forever.

"Will it be seven more years ?"

"Yes. Seven."

Then one of them gave a little cry.

"Margot!"

"What ?"

"She’s still in the closet where we locked her."

"Margot."

They stood as if someone had driven them, like so many stakes, into the floor. They looked at each other and then looked away. They glanced out at the world that was raining now and raining and raining steadily. They could not meet each other’s glances. Their faces were solemn and pale.

They looked at their hands and feet, their faces down.

"Margot."

One of the girls said, "Well… ?"

No one moved.

"Go on," whispered the girl.

They walked slowly down the hall in the sound of cold rain. They turned through the doorway to the room in the sound of the storm and thunder, lightning on their faces, blue and terrible. They walked over to the closet door slowly and stood by it.

Behind the closet door was only silence. They unlocked the door. Ashamed, they let Margot out of the closet, standing frozen, embarrassed over what they have done and unable to "meet each other's glances."

The precious sun has come and gone, and because of their jealousy, Margot, who loved the sun the most, had missed it.

Watch video.


Tuesday 16 February 2021

World War I

 

XX Century

First World War (1914-1918)

European nations colonised territories in Africa and Asia throughout the 19th century. Alliances and rivalries were created between imperialist European nations trying to gain control over these new territories. 

Immediate cause

On June 28th 1914, Serbian fanatic, Gavrilo Princip, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Background causes: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.

The beginning of the war

On June 28th 1914 began the outbreak of the First World War. 

A hundred years might seem like a very long time ago, but it isn’t really. Your great-great grandparents were around then, and they would have lived through, and maybe even taken part in, this terrible conflict if you were british. But Spain remained neutral in this war. 


Europe had split into two large families of countries. The Allies — the British Empire, France, and Russia — were in one family. And the Central Powers of Germany, Austria, and Hungary, were in the other. On 4 August 1914, Germany invaded Belgium, and so, standing by its promise to stick up for Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany. The world was at war!

By the winter of 1915, the opposing sides had both dug long ditches called trenches which faced each other, in some places just 30m apart! These lines of narrow trenches stretched from the Belgian coast to Switzerland, and were known as the Western Front. Over five million British soldiers spent time living in these muddy, miserable ditches, taking it in turns to be on the Front Line — the trench closest to the enemy.

Day-to-day life there was smelly and grim. There were millions of giant rats, overflowing latrines (loos) and terrible lice infestations. Not to mention the dead bodies. Every so often, soldiers on the Front Line would be instructed to leave their trench and venture into dangerous No Man’s Land (the area between the sides) to try to push back the enemy.


This war was very different from conflicts of the past. For the first time, powerful new weapons and vehicles were used – at sea, on land and in the air – resulting in many people being killed or wounded. 75% of all men who died in World War I were killed by artillery.

The largest battle of the World War I – the Battle of the Somme – is known as one of the bloodiest battles in history. It was fought by the French and British against the Germans on both sides of the River Somme in France, and lasted for more than five months. Over a million men were killed or wounded, and it was the first time that a tank was used in combat.

Women during world war I

Women weren’t allowed to join the army, but the war still completely changed their lives in some ways, for the better!

Millions of women went to work in offices, factories, shops, transport and on farms. Many men were horrified by the idea of females working and, even worse, wearing trousers! But the women proved that they could do the work of men, and do it just as well. Without the women of Britain growing food and making weapons, the war could not have been won.

When the war was over and the soldiers came home, women were made to leave their new jobs and go back into the home. But not all of them wanted to do that anymore! Their experiences during the war eventually led to women getting more freedoms and rights including the right to vote!

Children during World War I

Children were even paid to collect conkers which could be turned into explosives! They also wrote letters to soldiers and helped to knit socks and scarves for the troops in the winter months. Some boys lied about their age and went off to fight. 

Children were also used to carry messages for MI5, the British Secret Service. The Boy Scouts, who were MI5’s first choice for this work, apparently found it hard to keep sensitive secrets, so Britain’s agents turned to the Girl Guides, instead!

Armistice Day

On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918, World War I officially ended when an agreement was signed by Germany and the Allies. This date is known as Armistice Day.

Sadly, by the time World War I was over, more than 18 million people had been killed worldwide. It was hoped it would be the war to end all wars. But this wasn’t to be the case. Just 21 years later, World War II broke out.


Thursday 11 February 2021

Types of illnesses

When a person is ill, they have symptoms. Symptons are some of the effects of the illness that can be detected. There are mainly two different kinds of illness:

Infectious illness

Non-infectious illness







Wednesday 10 February 2021

Microorganisms

Watch these two videos that talk about viruses and Louis Pasteur.


Louis Pasteur was a French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization.


And finally some information about the coronavirus.


Did you like the videos?

Monday 8 February 2021

Health and self-esteem

Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. This mainly depends on the physical condition of the person, but it is also affected by feelings and emotions. 






Mental Health

One of the aspects that we can work in mental health is our self-esteem

Self-esteem is used to describe how much you like or accept yourself as you are. It involves a variety of beliefs about yourself, such as the appraisal of your own appearance, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors.

How to Build Your Self-Esteem

Try these steps:

Make a list of the stuff you're good at. Can you draw or sing? Are you a good reader? Are you good at a sport? Do you tell a good joke? If you're having trouble with your list, ask a parent, friend or teacher to help you with it. Ask me!! I can tell you a lot of good things!!

Practice the things you do well. Think of ways you can do some of the things you're good at every day.
 
Turn "I can't" into "I can!" Does the little voice in your head tell you "I'm no good at this" or "I can't do it"? Or "It's too hard for me"? That's you thinking badly about yourself. Decide to change your mind.

Think, "I can give it a try," "I can handle this." Think, "I'll give it my best." Think, "I'll ask someone to help me do this."

Try your best. You can feel good about yourself when you give something a good try. When you try hard, your self-esteem will grow.

Spend time with people who love you. Do things you enjoy with your parent or family. It helps you know you belong. And that builds self-esteem.

Pitch in. Do nice things for parents. Help with meals, clean up, or feed the pet. When you do kind things, you feel good about yourself. You get to see that what you do means a lot.

Did you like these tips? Give me your opinion!!!

Wednesday 3 February 2021

Arts (Lowry)

Laurence Stephen Lowry was famous for painting scenes of life in the industrial districts of North West England in the mid-20th century. He developed a distinctive style of painting and is best known for his urban landscapes peopled with human figures, often referred to as "matchstick men". He painted mysterious unpopulated landscapes, brooding portraits and the unpublished "marionette" works, which were only found after his death.


His use of stylised figures, which cast no shadows, and lack of weather effects in many of his landscapes led critics to label him a naïve "Sunday painter".

One of his paintings is called "Picadilly Circus":


In this work, we are going to draw a free version of this painting, using pencil, thin black felt-tip and watercolours. We will start from a template:

Template

Details

Colouring

Final work

Do you like drawing? why?

How do you feel when you draw?

Monday 1 February 2021

English Unit 3

The past continuous is formed using was/were + present participle. Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and was/were. Negatives are made with not.

The past continuous is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing past action was happening at a specific moment of interruption, or that two ongoing actions were happening at the same time. 

Statement: You were studying when she called.

Question: Were you studying when she called?

Negative: You were not studying when she called.

Watch this video: 


Now you can practice!

Vocabulary

detectives    disguise    alien    spaceship    heroine    shield    time machine    clue    witness

fancy, magnifying glass, costume, striped, necklace, reporter, sword, dress party, thief, steal, Joan of Arc, pity, creatures, spells, science fiction. 

Define these words. Look them up in the dictionary. Draw them. 

Use of: of, and, when, until, so, since, while, at... 

Examples

The big elevator hasn’t worked since yesterday. 

While it was snowing, Jimmy stood under the shelter.

She has been an engineer since last year. 

Miky was watching a movie and Mary was studying science.

The Johnsons' have lived here for twenty years.

When I was in trouble, you helped me.

----------------

Now make your own examples using these structures and changing the names but not the words.